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John Newcomer (b. 1955) is an American game designer, best known for being the designer and lead developer of the 1982 pioneering arcade game ''Joust''. He designed, animated, and produced multiple games for Williams Electronics, Midway Games, Cybiko, and MumboJumbo. ==Biography== Newcomer was born in Granger, Indiana, the second of two children. His father, Robert, was a milkman and then a maintenance worker in a movie theater. His mother, Beverly, was an administrative assistant and office manager. Newcomer attended Clay High School in South Bend, Indiana, where coincidentally one of his friends in the school chess club was Franz Lanzinger, who also ended up in the coin-op industry, working for Atari and designing games such as ''Crystal Castles''. Newcomer attended Notre Dame University, graduating in 1977 with a degree in industrial design. His first job was at Gordon Barlow Design in Skokie, Illinois, the company known for famous games and toys such as Mouse Trap and ''Toy Bomb''.〔http://boardgamegeek.com/boardgamedesigner/11283/gordon-a-barlow]〕 Newcomer worked as part of a team that generated over 100 new products through the prototype stage, some of which then went on to be manufactured by companies such as Hasbro, Mego, and Ideal. In 1981, Newcomer moved to Williams Electronics. The company had had a recent success with the 1980 game ''Defender'', and believing video games to be the future of entertainment, sought new creative staff. To emphasize his creative spirit, Newcomer submitted his resume stuffed down the throat of a rubber chicken, and got the job. After a few days on staff, he generated a list of game ideas that included one based on ''The War of the Worlds'' and another for ''Joust''. His vision for ''War of the Worlds'' was not technically feasible with the hardware at the time, but ''Joust'' was possible with Williams' existing hardware, and development began. Newcomer's initial vision was of ''Joust'' as a "flying game" with co-operative two-player gameplay. Rather than emulate the popular space theme of previous successful flying games such as ''Asteroids'' and ''Defender'', he wanted to offer an alternative to spaceships. He made a list of things that could fly: machines, animals, and fictional characters. After evaluating the positive and negative of each idea, he chose birds, believing that they would have a wide appeal, choosing an ostrich and a stork as the main characters, with vultures as the enemies.〔 The decision to use birds also prompted Newcomer to deviate from the then standard eight-direction joystick. He implemented a "flapping" mechanism to allow players to control the character's ascent and descent. With the vertical direction controlled via the arcade cabinet's button, a two-way joystick was added to dictate horizontal direction.〔 Other games Newcomer helped design included the #1 coin-op games ''High Impact Football'' and its sequel ''Super High Impact''. Williams Electronics eventually sold off the division which became Midway Games. Newcomer worked there as Senior Game Designer for 18 years until 1999, then moving to become Director of Game Design at Cybiko from 2000–2003, and VP of Game Design at In-Fusio from 2003–2007. He then was hired by MumboJumbo in 2007, serving first as General Manager of the Dallas Studio, and then transitioning to Director of Game Design.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=John Newcomer bio )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「John Newcomer」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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